Food Plant: Betula spp. (Birch), Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn), Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan), Malus sylvestris (Crab Apple)

Egg: laid on a small leaf

Mine: September - August

Notes: A biennial life cycle in the UK (may be annual in Europe). The second and third cases are formed by cutting out a large leaf portion and then wrapping it around - leaving an edge protruding, which then withers. The feeding damage is shown - note the partially excised upper epidermis at top right. A local miner found in hedgerows or open country. Occurs as far north as Perthshire.

Data: 13.vii.2024, Barry, Glamorgan, VC41

Image:© George Tordoff